Mezcal vs Tequila: What’s the Difference?

When you walk into a bar or browse a liquor store, you might notice mezcal and tequila side by side. Both are Mexican spirits made from agave, but many people wonder what sets them apart. As someone who loves exploring new flavors and cultures, I’ve spent time tasting and learning about these two drinks. Understanding the differences between mezcal and tequila can enhance your appreciation and help you choose the right one for your next cocktail or sipping experience.

A glass of mezcal with agave plant behind it

Origins and Production Regions

Both mezcal and tequila come from Mexico, but their production regions differ. Tequila is made primarily in the state of Jalisco and a few surrounding areas. It must be produced in these designated regions to be labeled as tequila. Mezcal, on the other hand, has a broader production area. It is made in several Mexican states, including Oaxaca, Durango, and Guerrero, with Oaxaca being the most famous.

The geographic distinction matters because it influences the agave varieties used and the traditional methods of production. Tequila is mostly made from one type of agave called Blue Weber agave, while mezcal can be made from over 30 different agave species, such as espadín, tobalá, and arroqueño. This variety gives mezcal a wider range of flavors.

How They Are Made

The production process is where mezcal vs tequila really starts to show its differences. Both spirits begin with harvesting the agave plant, but the way the hearts (piñas) are cooked sets them apart.

• Tequila: The piñas are steamed in industrial ovens or autoclaves. This method cooks the agave evenly and quickly, producing a cleaner and more consistent flavor.

• Mezcal: The piñas are traditionally roasted in underground pits lined with hot rocks and wood. This slow roasting process infuses the agave with smoky flavors, which is a signature characteristic of mezcal.

  
  

After cooking, the agave is crushed to extract the juice, which is then fermented and distilled. Tequila usually undergoes two distillations, while mezcal can be distilled once or twice depending on the producer’s style.

Flavor Profiles and Tasting Notes

If you enjoy tasting spirits, you’ll notice mezcal and tequila offer very different experiences.

• Tequila tends to have a bright, fresh, and slightly sweet flavor. It often carries notes of citrus, pepper, and herbs. Blanco tequila is unaged and sharp, while reposado and añejo tequilas are aged in oak barrels, adding vanilla, caramel, and spice notes.

• Mezcal is known for its smoky, earthy, and sometimes fruity flavors. The smoky taste comes from the underground roasting process. Depending on the agave type and region, mezcal can also have floral, mineral, or herbal undertones.

  
  

For example, a mezcal made from espadín agave might taste smooth with a hint of smoke, while one made from tobalá agave could be more complex and fruity. This variety makes mezcal a favorite for adventurous drinkers.

How to Enjoy Mezcal and Tequila

Both spirits can be enjoyed neat, but they also shine in different cocktails.

• Tequila is the star of classic drinks like the Margarita, Paloma, and Tequila Sunrise. Its clean and bright profile mixes well with citrus and sweet flavors.

• Mezcal works beautifully in cocktails that highlight its smoky character. Try it in a Mezcal Negroni or a smoky variation of the Margarita. Many people also enjoy sipping mezcal slowly to savor its complex flavors.

  
  

When tasting either spirit, use a wide glass to capture the aromas. Take small sips and let the flavors develop on your palate.

Cocktail glass with mezcal drink and orange peel garnish

Legal Definitions and Labeling

Understanding the legal definitions helps clarify mezcal vs tequila differences. Both spirits have protected designations of origin, meaning they must meet specific criteria to carry their names.

• Tequila must be made from at least 51% Blue Weber agave and produced in designated regions. Most quality tequilas are 100% agave.

• Mezcal must be made from agave grown in approved regions and follow traditional production methods, including the underground roasting.

  
  

Labels on bottles will often indicate if the spirit is 100% agave or a mixto (mixed with other sugars). For the best experience, look for 100% agave products.

Cultural Significance and Traditions

Both mezcal and tequila hold deep cultural importance in Mexico. Tequila has become a global symbol of Mexican heritage and celebration. It is often associated with lively parties and festive occasions.

Mezcal, meanwhile, carries a more artisanal and rustic image. It is tied to indigenous traditions and small-scale producers who use age-old methods. In many Mexican communities, mezcal is part of rituals and social gatherings, symbolizing respect and connection.

Price and Availability

Tequila is generally more widely available and comes in a range of prices, from affordable to premium. Mezcal tends to be more expensive due to its labor-intensive production and smaller batches.

If you are traveling in Mexico or specialty liquor stores abroad, you might find unique mezcal varieties that are not exported widely. Sampling local mezcal can be a memorable experience for travelers and foodies alike.

Which One Should You Choose?

Choosing between mezcal vs tequila depends on your taste preferences and the occasion.

• If you prefer a smooth, bright, and versatile spirit for cocktails, tequila is a great choice.

• If you want something smoky, complex, and unique for sipping or creative cocktails, mezcal offers a rich experience.

  
  

Trying both side by side can help you discover your favorite. Many bars now offer tasting flights that include different types of mezcal and tequila, which is a fun way to explore their differences.